Week 6: Romantic Period
A. Composer:

1. Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist.
2. Niccolo Paganini was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and a composer.
3. Carl Maria Von Weber was an German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, one of the significant composers of the romantic school.
4. Gioaachino Rossini was an Italian composer who wrote 39 operas as well as sacred music, chamber music, songs, and some instrumental and piano pieces.
5. Franz Schubert was an Austrian composer/
6. Frederic Chopin was a polish composer, virtuoso pianist, and music teacher of french- polish parentage.
7. Robert Schumann was German composer, aesthete and influential music critic.
8. Franz Liszt was a 19th-century Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor, and a teacher.
9. Giuseppe Verdi was Italian romantic composer, mainly of opera.
10. Johannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist and one of the leading musicians of the romantic period.

Week 5: Romantic Period

A. MUSIC FOR INSTRUMENTS:

1. Sonata Form is a large-scale musical structure used widely since the middle of the 18th century (the early classical period).
2. Character Pieces is a literal translation of the German charakterstuck, a term, not very precisely defined , used for a broad range of 19th century piano music based on a single idea or program.
3. Rhapsody in music is one-movement work that is episodic yet integrated, free- flowing in, structure, feature a range of highly contrasted moods, color and tonality.
4. Etudes is an instrumental musical composition, most commonly of considerable difficulty, usually designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular technical skill.
5. Symphonic Poem is a piece of orchestral music in a single continuous section ( a movement) in which the content of a poem, a story or novel, a painting, a landscape or another (non-musical) source is illustrated or evoked.
   
   

Week 3 and 4: Romantic Period
A. MUSIC FOR VOICES
Art Song- the solo song occupied and important place in romantic music. Romantic poetry was set for the voice and piano in a highly personal and subjective musical manner.

- Strophic (verse-repeating or chorus form) is the simplest and most durable of musical forms, elaborating a piece of music by repetition of a single formal section.
- Through-Composed music is relatively continuously, non-sectional, and/ or non-repetitive. A song is said to be through-composed if it has different music for each stanza of the lyrics.
- Song cycle is a group of songs designed to be performed in a sequences as a single entity. As a rule, all of the songs are by the same composer and often use words from the same poet or lyricist.

B. COMPOSITE FORMS: OPERA

1. Italian Opera
   - verismo or realism
2. French Opera
   - Grand Opera
   - Opera Comique
3. German Opera
   - Romantic Opera
   - Melodrama
   - GEWURZTRAMINER
   - A LEITMOTIF

Week 2: Romantic Period

Medieval: ROMANESQUE (500-1400) Medieval: Gothic (1100-1430) Renaissance (1400-1600) Baroque (1600-1700) Classical (1730-1820) Romantic (1815-1910) 20th-century (1900-2000) Contemporary (1975-present) 21st-century (2000-present).
A. STYLE AND PERFORMANCE PRACTICE:

1. The Romantic composers believed that music could and should tell a story, intimate sounds of nature, or illustrate a scene aurally.
2. Solo songs enjoyed considerable attention during the Romantic era, as composers became involved with literary forms for their texts.
3. Musical form continued to be based on contrasting melodies in the homo phonic style, making the sonata the most important type of formal organization. 

Week 1: Romantic Period

Concepts: Medieval: Romanesque (500-1400) Medieval: Gothic (1100-1430) Renaissance (1400-1600) Baroque (1600-1760) Classical (1730-1820) Romantic (1815-1910) 20th Century (1900-2000) Contemporary (1975- present) 21st century (2000- present )

Romanticism (or the Romantic Era or the "Romantic Period" was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the industrial revolution. Revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment.

Lesson in week 1: 

Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as heroic individualists and artists, whose pioneering examples would elevate society. It also legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority, which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art.